Over the last year, having a strong sense of meaning and purpose has dropped for immigrants at a quicker rate than non-immigrants.
The following graph represents the percentage of immigrants and non-immigrants that reported a strong sense of meaning and purpose in 2021 and 2022. Selecting different fields under “Sociodemographic characteristics” will display new data.
But these impacts are even worse for immigrant women. In the first quarter of 2022, immigrant men started to regain a strong sense of meaning and purpose while immigrant women have continued to drop since the second half of 2021.
“I saw it coming. The management said my department isn’t of high importance right now but obviously I was very sad,” Rahman says.
In February, the third-year Carleton University finance student landed a job as a project management officer for an appeal modernization project at the CRA. When the pandemic hit, Rahman’s 40-hour work week was downgraded to 16. She constantly searched for other full-time finance jobs but had no luck.
Frances Woolley, a Carleton economics professor, explains the increasing demand for full-time work is actually a sign that the economy is improving.
“When there (are) no jobs around people won’t bother looking. It’s only when people think that they have a chance of finding a job that they start looking so there’s some good news,” Woolley says.
There’s a particular increase in women’s part-time employment because women are more likely to accept part-time work than their male counterparts, according to Woolley. She draws this analysis based on more than two decades of her cited work which is mostly about feminist economics and inequality within the household.
She adds that it’s more common for women to work in the service sector which is currently hiring less full-time workers due to the pandemic, also contributing to the increase in women settling for part-time work.
A bar graph illustrating the increase in the number of women aged 15 to 24 who are working part-time because they can’t find full-time jobs. Visualization by Yasmine Ghania
Besides the financial loss, Rahman says she’s disappointed about the slash in her hours because it gives her less time to convince her employers to give her a permanent position upon graduation.
Both Rahman and her husband Mazharul Towhid, also a Carleton student, already have university degrees from Bangladesh but decided to continue studying in Canada in hopes for a better life. Thankfully Towhid was able to keep his full-time summer job as a financial analyst at Harris Computer Systems which paid for rent and bills.
“It’s very important that we have something set in the long run,” Rahman says. “We need to land on something very good, at least one of us.”
While Rahman only worked two days a week, she still made $1,200 a month meaning she wasn’t eligible for the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB). Her supervisor told her she could nullify her contract so she could get $2,000 from CERB but Rahman decided to continue working.
“Calculating the long-term benefit, I didn’t want to take the risk of leaving. I already have a low opportunity of proving myself. I didn’t want to cut the chance even more,” Rahman says.
Although both men and women are struggling to find secure employment, Woolley explains there are “gendered structural differences” that impede women’s advancements in the workplace.
A new report released Friday from Ryerson University’s Diversity Institute and the Public Policy Forum finds that the number of men and women at entry level jobs are equal, yet men are promoted at double — sometimes triple — the rate.
Julie Cafley, co-author of the report, is calling on the Feds to ensure gender equality in COVID economic recovery plans.
“We need to ensure that we’re not building back the economy the same way we’ve done it in the past,” Cafley says. “There’s a huge opportunity to build back differently.”
Given the high chance many sectors will be forced to shut down amid rising COVID-19 cases, Woolley says it’s difficult to predict how the labour market will look in the next few months.
For now, Rahman says she’s focused on graduating university with high marks so she can be one step closer to a permanent position at the CRA.
In an unprecedented move, Canada announced it would tighten its borders indefinitely to slow the spread of COVID-19, restricting all non-essential travel, including tourism.
The government is already taking action to assist Canadians facing economic hardship. Included in their aid package are supports for Canadian businesses that have had to close or shutter due to the pandemic.
Weeks before the federal government was scheduled to release its upcoming budget, allocations for hard-hit industries like airlines may require revision to compensate for losses beyond their usual spending. The visitor economy makes a sizable contribution to Canada’s overall economy.
Canada’s tourism industry has provided a steadily growing stream of revenue to the government, but will see a drop as a result of travel-related restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Even as the full impacts of Canada’s border closures are not yet fully felt, it is likely that the tourism industry will see major losses. This drop will interrupt a trend of strong growth in international tourists visiting Canada.
The federal government’s aid package aims to benefit citizens and businesses with any economic hardships as a result of COVID-19. It is likely that those out of work in the airline and tourism industry will seek such aid.
Some of the hardest hit workers are those in the tourism and hospitality industry, who rely on in-person interactions and spending by international and domestic visitors for their livelihood.
In 2018 there were a total of about 585,000 people employed in Canada’s tourism industry, working in a variety of related sectors, according to the most recent data from Statistics Canada.
Canada’s tourism industry employed an estimated total of 585,000 people in a variety of sub-sectors, according to tables from Statistics Canada.
“Hearing the stories of suffering from the elderly of my band, I started to wonder why someone would want to be an Aboriginal,” said Mariette Buckshot from Kitigan Zibi, Quebec. She grew up conflicted about her identity and believes that the “Indian day schools” have a lot to do with it.
“Everybody hates our language, hates the way we look,” she recalls. “I didn’t want to be a part of that world. I wanted to be accepted socially.”
A class-action lawsuit filed on behalf of Indigenous students from Quebec who attended government-funded day schools alleges that they were “stripped” from their aboriginal identity and denied the “ability to pass on their heritage”. The legal team appraises that there are between 120,000 and 140,000 living day school survivors in Canada.
The reserve of Kitigan Zibi, Quebec, is located one hour 30 minutes north of the Canadian capital, Ottawa.
“The physical and sexual abuse, pain and distress, and the damages to language, learning, culture, and heritage,” said the filing, “were also suffered by students who were forced to attend Indian Day Schools, their descendants, and their communities.”
Allegations against the federal government contained in the lawsuit’s statement of claim have yet to be proven in court. Emailed requests to the federal government went unanswered. It has to file a statement of defense.
The lawsuit goes hand in hand with a Canada-wide class action certified last month also linked to government-funded day schools. The lawyers filed a Quebec affiliation since the legislation differs from the rest of the country.
Hopes of a harmless settlement
Mariette Buckshot, one of the two main plaintiffs of the case, hoped Canada would settle without having to go to the Supreme Court. Her father attended the Maniwaki day school from first to third grade and dropped out in fourth grade.
The Attorney General contested the class action on June 4, meaning the case is most likely going to be ruled in Court. “We wish the result will be a settlement that we, First Nations, consider favourable to all the victims,” said the plaintiff.
Patricia Doyle-Bedwell, a professor of aboriginal studies at Dalhousie University, agrees.
“I hope that the Crown doesn’t prolong the case, that they read the history, recognize the survivors’ experiences, and provide a settlement that is sufficient,” after the long process that was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. She believes that the Crown contested the case for financial reasons, since it already spent a lot with the residential schools’ settlement.
Ex-Prime Minister Stephen Harper with Terry Audla, president of the national Inuit group Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, and Perry Bellegarde, national chief of the Assembly of First Nations, during the closing ceremony of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on June 3, 2015. Source: AMMSA
That previous win may be beneficial to the First Nations fighting for justice against the day school system, according to Doyle-Bedwell. “It will be harder for the Crown to prove that they didn’t suffer as much as the Indigenous people who attended residential schools, because the experiences are very similar.”
The Crown is most likely going to distinguish the two cases by saying that the kids got to go home every night, said the law professor, or argue that the bands were pushing to get schools within the community. “But, these are not valid arguments because the harm still happened. There was a breach of the government’s fiduciary responsibility, just like in the residential schools’ case.”
“The scholars in Indian day schools experienced a similar disconnection to their family and culture as the residential scholars, since their teachers repeatedly called them heathens, pagans and savages,” said Patricia Doyle-Bedwell. Source: Archives Deschâtelets
Passing on a hurtful heritage
“My dad is 86 years old and was victimized on the reserve day school,” confides Mariette Buckshot. “It impacted him in a way where he quit school when he was only in grade four. He didn’t want anymore to do with education.” Later on, when he had kids, he insisted that they go to school while keeping their knowledge of the language and their culture.
The bands can’t overcome such a past in one generation, though. The teachers, which were most of the times nuns and fathers, kept telling the students that they were “heathens, pagans, savages and that their parents would go to hell,” says Doyle-Bedwell. “These things really cut at the heart of our identity and who we are as Indigenous people.”
When asked about what would help the healing of the First Nations, Mariette Buckshot is resolute. “Through apologies, payments and programs that go towards the healing of our people.”
“Give us back our respect. We still exist and are resilient enough to still be vocal.”
David’s Tea saw over 48 M in sales compared to 44M in the first quarter of 2016, with the number of stores increasing by one to reach a total of 232 locations across Canada and the United States, compared to 198 at the end of 2016.
Despite the improvements in sales, the loose-leaf tea manufacturer and retailer saw a net loss of $360,000 compared to a 2016 net income of $1.5 M.
David’s Tea President and Chief Executive Officer Joel Silver, who took on the role in March 2017, referred to 2017 as a “reset year” for the company, with the drops in income related to the excess inventory across all of their stores. In a First Quarter 2017 Earnings Conference Call regarding the financial results, Silver says, “We will concentrate more in energizing the current store base,” and expects a return to normal inventory levels by the fourth quarter of 2017.
David’s Tea Chief Financial Officer Luis Borgen also addressed the excess inventory issue in the conference call, stating “Going forward we continue to plan to reduce our buy and have fewer selling seasons as we continue to work through excess inventory, and expect this will take us several quarters to work through.”
On a per store basis, David’s Tea locations have seen their inventories increased by 39% in this first quarter of 2017. There are currently plans to open five more stores during the second quarter, four in Canada and one in the US.
Source: Haley MacLean
Silver also states the company plans to expand further into the US market, although growth in the US store base will be limited in the short term. The CEO stated, “There has been significant effort trying to penetrate the US market, while there has been some success, it has been limited. We will not abandon the US market, but we do intend to emulate the Canadian success in the US.” Currently, 80% of sales for David’s Tea are done in Canada.
David’s Tea’s cash flow related to operating activities, or the amount generated from buying and selling tea and tea accessories, saw a massive decrease from $-780,000 in 2016 to $-6.6 M the same time this year. This over seven times loss is the result of what Financial Analyst and Dalhousie Finance Professor Dr. Rick Nason refers to as “stuffing the channel.”
“When you open up your second or third store you are increasing your expenses and you are basically tripling the amount of tea or inventory you have on hand, but you’re not necessarily tripling the amount of customers,” says Nason. “Their administrative costs and their rents are growing faster than their sales, so that’s why their results are so disastrous. They’re growing faster than their customer base.”
Meanwhile, massive competitive beverage company Starbucks, which also includes David’s Tea’s main tea competitor Teavana, saw a 20% decrease in its own net operating cash flow during the same time period. Indicating the possibility that the market for tea and tea accessories is currently in a decline.
David’s Tea did not respond when contacted for comment regarding its first-quarter 2017 financial statements.
In January 2016, Rev. Anthony Bailey and the Parkdale United Church community were preparing to celebrate the church’s 85th anniversary. A few days after advertising the annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. service, the community was shaken by an attack of hate-motivated graffiti.
“On the side of our church…scrawled in big red letters was ‘n–gers’, there was also another recognizable tag sign, on huge letters they had sprayed ‘Tupac’,” Bailey said.
“There was outrage and shock initially because this is an obvious attempt to intimidate our congregation and what we stand for.”
Graffiti is one of the most common forms of hate crimes in the city. In 2015, hate graffiti accounted for just over 60 percent of reported hate crimes in the city. According to Constable Stephane Quesnel with the Ottawa Police Service, “hate crimes in general could be threats or assaults, but are almost always graffiti.”
Hate graffiti can seriously affect a community or individual. “Whatever the intention was it doesn’t really matter, it’s the impact of using language like that, against people who have been victimized over the years, with such racial epithets.” Bailey has reached out with support for local Imams and Rabbis in Ottawa who have been victims of hate graffiti.
311 data from the City of Ottawa in 2015 shows that 1 in 5 calls regarding graffiti were reports of hate graffiti, that doubled from the previous year. However, that number may not be reflective of the actual number of hate graffiti incidents. Sometimes victims avoid reporting them out of fear.
“Not as reported as much by marginalized groups because they fear the backlash from publicity,” said Bailey.
“Every incident of racist graffiti is not reported in the media because of a fear of a copycat.”
Results from the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization support this. Two-thirds of people who said they had been victims of hate-motivated incidents did not report them to police.
Quesnel offers other reasons why victims of hate graffiti might not be reporting it to police, “…because some people may not think that it is a hate crime and also because they don’t want to draw attention to themselves, if it was on a private residence for example,” he said. “Reasons for reporting are so that police are aware of it because it affects the whole community, and also, by doing so, we can hopefully catch the person doing it.”
Even if the hate graffiti incidents are reported they are often difficult to investigate. The OPS is currently investigating several reported incidents of swastikas appearing on OC Transpo buses. It can often be difficult to pinpoint when the hate graffiti first occurred and even harder to find the suspect(s). In the Parkdale United Church incident, the case remains open.
Hate graffiti is considered a serious offence under the Criminal Code of Canada and carries an increased penalty for assault or mischief motivated by bias, prejudice or hatred toward a particular group.
Although it’s rare to hear of someone being convicted of hate graffiti, a Calgary man was sentenced to eight months in jail and issued a $5,000 fine after he spray painted hateful graffiti targeted towards Syrian refugees on a light rail transit station.
According to Quesnel the number of hate graffiti incidents often fluctuates. “It can go in spikes based on world events. For example, if there was a religious group that was a victim of an attack, the whole community becomes victimized, so there could be a local surge of hate graffiti towards them.”
Although the year isn’t over, 2016 is one of the lowest reported years for hate graffiti incidents in the City with only 26 reported incidents.
In the next 20 years the aboriginal population categorized by First Nations, Metis, and Inuit is projected to increase dramatically as more people begin to report themselves as being aboriginal.
According to data from the 2006 Census and 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) over the course of five years the aboriginal population as a whole increased by 20 per cent. While high fertility among aboriginal women is one factor in the population increase, the largest factor driving the growth has to do with an increased number of people identifying themselves as aboriginal.
Aboriginal identity has been a point of confusion at the legal, political, and personal level. Legislative changes to the Indian Act and most recently the Supreme Court recognition of Metis peoples in April, have sought to legally define aboriginal peoples. For the Metis population, recognition of their identity has been especially difficult in the face of discrimination.
“Metis identity is a very confusing thing to a lot of people, mainly because there’s two major aspects of our identity; not only do you have to be of mixed ancestry: European and aboriginal, but you also have to have that connection to a historical Metis settlement,” said Kelly Douquette, a Metis law student at the University of Ottawa.
Douquette thinks more people will identify themselves as Metis after the Supreme Court decision.
“Now that our rights are recognized and we are legitimized by the government, a lot of people don’t feel as afraid to come forward, and really be proud of who they are.”
“Self-reported identification is more important for the Metis population and the non-status Indian population, because even within the aboriginal population you have differences of main factors of growth,” Stephanie Langlois, senior analyst for Statistics Canada demography division, said.
“Someone in the past might not have identified themselves as an aboriginal person and five years later they self-identify with an aboriginal group.”
Annie Turner, a statistician with Statistics Canada, said the drastic increase can be attributed to a number of factors.
“We know that fertility rate is higher for aboriginal people compared to non-aboriginal people but there are many factors that we need to take into account when comparing the aboriginal population between 2006 to 2011, so there could be slight differences in the wording of the questions, differences in methodology between the 2006 Census and NHS, some legislative changes for example Bill C-31 in 1985 or Bill C-3 in 2011, which could affect these concepts of aboriginal identity or registered Indian status, as well as the definition of reserves.”
The 2036 projections estimate that the aboriginal populations could rise even higher if certain growth characteristics such as fertility and ethnic mobility continue their trends. In the western provinces such as Saskatchewan and Manitoba, aboriginal populations could make up one in five people in this provinces by 2036.
Meanwhile in the territories like the Yukon, Nunavut, and the North West Territories, Inuit hold the highest share of the total population although of a much smaller total population.
Compared to the non-aboriginal population, the aboriginal population is growing at a much faster rate. The non-aboriginal population is increasing less than one per cent a year, mainly due to immigration, while the aboriginal population is averaging 1.1 to 2.2 per cent.
Police in Ottawa uncovered a record 24 incidents of human trafficking in 2014, but experts say there are countless more cases that go unreported.
According to analysis of crime data from Statistics Canada, the number of police-reported incidents of human trafficking has more or less doubled every year in Ottawa since 2010.
Sgt. Jeff Leblanc, lead investigator with the Ottawa Police Service’s Human Trafficking Unit, said that number will only continue to grow.
“As long as we’re out there doing more proactive work to find out what the full picture is in the city,” he said, “we’ll see an upward trend for the next little while.”
The Criminal Code defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, harbouring or control of a person and their movements, typically for the purposes of sexual or labour exploitation.
Though human trafficking-related offences have been on the books for more than 10 years, it was only five years ago the Ottawa police uncovered its first major case.
Excerpt from the Criminal Code Click annotation to see full document
Sex trafficking victims are often advertised on online classifieds site like Backpage.com. On Friday, March 18, over 260 women were listed in Ottawa.
Leblanc said the most recent swell in the number of incidents reflects a growing awareness about human trafficking — both within the police force and across the city.
In October 2013, the Ottawa Police Service launched a two-year pilot human trafficking unit. Led by Leblanc and staffed by four detectives, the unit has worked not only to identify and rescue trafficking victims, but also to help service providers and first responders recognize the signs of human trafficking.
Excerpt from the Ottawa Police Service’s 2014 Annual Report Click annotation to see full document
Zaneta Miranbigi chairs the Ottawa Coalition to End Human Trafficking, which brings together a wide range of organizations likely to encounter victims of trafficking. These include victim services groups, health care providers, as well as youth shelters and group homes. Miranbigi also credited the trafficking unit’s work for the increased number of reported incidents.
“When word gets out there’s a dedicated unit, victims are much more likely to report than when they know they’re dealing with officers who don’t have a clue,” she said.
While this may be cause for optimism, Miranbigi cautioned the scale of the problem goes far beyond incidents recorded by the police.
Excerpt from PACT-Ottawa’s 2014 Local Safety Audit Report Click annotation to see full document
But even those numbers are now far off the mark, said Miranbigi. “If you were to talk to any of my service providers around the table on the coalition, they will all tell you it’s a gross underestimation of what the actual reality is.”
Despite efforts by police, advocacy groups and service providers, Miranbigi said trafficking victims are often reluctant to contact law enforcement.
Youth are very impressionable, and may be convinced by their traffickers that they will be charged for their involvement in the sex trade if they report. Similarly, many victims fear they might be shamed by officers or the broader community once they leave their trafficking situation.
“There’s so much more work to be done on this,” said Miranbigi. She warned that a lack of sustained funding poses a real threat to the progress that has been made over the past several years.
Though the human trafficking unit’s formal lifespan has come to an end, it continues to operate while the police service mulls whether it should be made permanent.
Both Leblanc and Miranbigi hope that Ontario’s anti-human trafficking strategy — to be released in June — might help support their efforts to combat human trafficking in Ottawa.
A fisherman catches a brook trout on Prince Edward Island (Photo Credit: Government of P.E.I.)
Prince Edward Island continues to expand trading partners as fishing exports rise 150 per cent, over $70 million, in the last five years, according to data from Industry Canada.
P.E.I. may rank sixth in Canada in total fishing exports, but the smallest province champions the highest growth of fishing exports in the Atlantic region and second across Canada. At 28 per cent, P.E.I is second only to the Northwest Territories regarding overall growth of exports.
Like the rest of Canada, the United States is P.E.I.’s greatest trading partner, though despite high tariffs in Europe and Asia – some regions taxing upwards of 35 per cent on imported P.E.I. goods – the province has continued to increase its presence in global markets.
Newly formed trade agreements will seek to eliminate tariffs with new trading partners entirely within the next several years and lead to exponential growth for the P.E.I. economy, according to former fisheries and oceans minister Gail Shea.
Shea believes the data is not an anomaly, and that and says both P.E.I. and national exports will see substantial growth in the following years, particularly in Asian and European markets.
“In China the message from them has always been that they don’t have to sell us on the quality of Canadian fish. They can’t get enough, and there is a lot of room for expansion.”
She says that there shouldn’t be a worry for flooded markets because new markets are becoming more aware of the quality of P.E.I. seafood and places like Japan, China and France “will take whatever we can sell them.”
Japan remains a top importer for P.E.I., taking roughly $6 million worth of fish and seafood in 2011 and climbing to nearly $19 million in 2015 – a 323 per cent increase over five years.
Shea believes these growths can continue when the government passes the Canada-European Union comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA). A deal that will significantly lower tariffs on the European continent and open markets even further for the P.E.I. fisheries.
CETA is expected to slash 96 per cent of trade tariffs between Canada and the European Union and within seven years become completely duty free.
Shea predicts countries like Belgium, which is a member of the EU, will follow suit in demanding more exports from P.E.I. fisheries. Exports to Belgium from P.E.I. have soared from $1.8 million in 2011 to $9.4 million in 2015.
Credit: Global Affairs Canada
She believes the current plans of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), in combination with tariff elimination, will mark a new era for the P.E.I economy.
“The world has become smaller and markets have become larger.” Combined with innovations in technology and transportation, P.E.I will continue to diversify its exports with the rest of the country.
Shea says that the 2009 economic collapse in the United States forced people to look for new markets and was “the silver lining in the clouds” not only for P.E.I. fisheries, but the entire country.
Roughly 85 per cent of Canadian fish and seafood exports were heading for the United States, but that number has fallen to around 65 per cent – though America still remains Canada’s greatest importer.
Though Shea says it’s because of new trade partners that the marketplace “better reflects what the market is worth.”
Controversy and public outrage surrounded the TPP deal when it was accepted by the Canadian government last fall, especially regarding the dairy industry. But when asked whether TPP and CETA are the right decision for P.E.I. fisherman Shea chuckles and says “oh good lovins yes, very much so.”
From 2006 to 2015, Montreal has been home to 83 aviation accidents – almost double what other cities in Canada have seen according to data released by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada in February.
For some, this statistic may not seem too surprising. Montreal is home to the Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport – a flying hub which is currently the fourth busiest airport in Canada.
Out of the 83 recorded accidents in the Montreal area however, only 12 of them actually occurred at Pierre Elliott Trudeau International. The remaining accidents occurred at eight smaller airports in the area which are typically used for flight training and recreational use.
According to Mark Clipsome, an aviation investigator for the Transportation Safety Board of Canada, the high number of accidents in the Montreal area is typical, given the logistical challenges present at smaller airport facilities.
“Smaller places are not equipped with the same infrastructure that a bigger airport would have,” Clipsome said.
“For example, at smaller airports, there’s not always air traffic control towers or paved runways – they may have grass or gravel runways instead.”
When air traffic control facilities are not available at an airport, pilots must be diligent in communicating their intentions on the radio, and must be extra vigilant when flying close to the airport to ensure that they have proper clearance. Without a second set of eyes to watch out for potential collisions, there is a higher risk of human error causing a potential accident.
Located 20 kilometres outside of Montreal, Mascouche airport is one facility which deals with a lot of air traffic, but does not have a control tower to oversee operations.
The Transportation Safety Board has recorded 30 accidents at Mascouche airport over the past ten years, including a recent accident on Dec. 28, 2015 where a Mooney M20K plane crashed onto the side of Highway 640 East. As a result of the accident, the pilot later died in hospital and his nine-year-old son was treated for serious injuries.
The Transportation Safety Board has not yet determined the cause of that accident, but Clipsome notes that recreational flying poses a higher risk of danger in comparison to commercial flying.
“Smaller airplanes tend to have smaller instrument systems, so they may only have one altimeter or one air speed indicator which are very basic instruments,” said Clipsome.
On the other hand, commercial pilots typically have multiple instrument sets to use while flying and usually have a co-pilot which can assist with tasks in the cockpit.
Clipsome says that pilot inexperience is also a contributing factor to the higher number of accidents at smaller airports.
A portion of a research study annotated in DocumentCloud:
(Click inside the annotation to see the entire document and other annotations)
“We don’t see as many accidents at large airports because commercial pilots have a lot of training on decision making and crew resource management,” said Clipsome.
“Commercial pilots also are flying all the time whereas many recreational pilots only fly maybe two or three times a year.”
Mascouche airport is also home to Cargair – a local flight school where new pilots are able to practice their skills before obtaining their private pilot’s license. Just like with novice drivers, student pilots are more prone to accidents as they develop their skills, and are more likely to cause accidents that result from human error.
A portion of a research study annotated in DocumentCloud:
(Click inside the annotation to see the entire document and other annotations)
While the city of Montreal has the highest number of aviation accidents in comparison to other cities, the total number of aviation accidents in Canada has remained stable over the past couple of years, according to the Transportation Safety Board.
In an emailed statement, the Transportation Safety Board notes that safety issues are constantly being reviewed and evaluated to make sure that Canadian airspace is as safe as possible.
“We review the data every time we investigate an accident and design our recommendations around our previous findings,” said Clipsome.
“Our database is something that’s constantly evolving.”
